The electons are arranged in 'energy levels' and 'orbitals'. The formula for how many electrons are in each energy level is represented by 2n^2, where n=the energy level. They are further divided into orbitals (sharp, principle, difuse, fundemental or s,p,d,f).
So...
In the first energy level, there is one s orbital that holds 2 electrons. 2n^2=2 (total electrons, where n=1).
In the second energy level, there is one s orbital and three p orbitals. This makes for 8 total electons on the second energy level. 2n^2=8 (n=2). The s orbital has 1 pair of electrons, the p orbital holds 3 pair. This allows for 10 total electrons before another energy level is needed. The pattern continues.
What are the different shells of electrons about an atom?
s,p,d,f blocks
s block- 1 subshell(0). holds a max of 2 electron
p block- 3 subshells(-1,0,1). hold max of 6 electron
d block- 5 sub shells(-2,-1,0,1,2). hold max of 10 electron
f block- 7 subshell(-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3). holds max of 14 electron
remember each sub shell can only hold 2 electron (+1/2, -1/2)
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